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Development

An infant between 12 months and 36 months old exhibits a number of changes that form part of its process of development. The following series of observations focuses on that particular time span, and highlights those changes that may be classified as a “milestone.” It will consider what may be defined as an average child covering specific time periods within this development phase.

Age – 12 to 15 Months

Physical

Able to stand erect without any help and without having to hold onto anything.

Is just about able to drink from a cup, but without the sense of fully controlling the action, such as accompanied by a certain amount of spillage.

Has the ability to turn the pages of a book, a few at a time, when given a suitable prompt.

Is able to participate in basic games, such as rolling a ball or possibly even throwing it in a random fashion.

In relation to the context of learning and recreation, the act of play is usually associated with a variety of props, such as animals and toys.

Mental

Is able to use words involving four to six letters, such as ball and spoons.

Ability to follow a simple instruction accompanied by an appropriate hand gesture, such as fetching an object, having first pointed to it, and asking the child to collect it.

The ability to realise that an object still exists even when it is out of view to the child, such as placing a toy in a box and closing the lid.

Jean Piaget, a well known child psychologist, conducted object permanence experiments with infants. His results reflected the fact that such awareness was particularly evident at the age of eight to nine months. Such experiments may lead one to understand why infants younger than about nine months do not exhibit a tendency to cry when their mothers are no longer there, viz. “out of sight, out of mind.” This concept can lead to “A not B” errors, where an infant looks for an object in a place where it should not be.

Emotional

Using words or gestures that the child will understand to signify particular objects, such as pointing at a toy and raising the arms to indicate picking up the toy, or alternatively, saying the word cup using an exaggerated movement of the mouth with the intention of receiving the cup from the child.

To use actions that will entertain the child, such as covering your eyes with your hands, and then removing the hands again, whilst playing the game peek-a-boo.

This game further demonstrates the inability of some infants to understand object permanence, which is regarded as an important stage in the development of a child’s intelligence.

Babies and Toddlers – How To Succeed

Peter Radford writes Articles with Websites on a wide range of subjects. Babies & Toddlers Articles cover Care, Infant Development Milestones During 12-36 Months.

His Website contains a total of 149 Babies & Toddlers Articles, written by others & carefully selected.

View his Website at: babies-and-toddlers-how-to-succeed.com

View his Blog at: babies-and-toddlers-how-to-succeed.blogspot.com

 

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  • ebbtcbinsmenu1 0 Swimming Lessons for Babies

Mums and Bubs swimming lesson sessions are designed for babies aged between 6 and 24 months. Mothers or fathers go into the pool with the babies. Not every swim school will offer these lessons. So ring around and pick the one that you are most comfortable with. Make sure that all the lessons are conducted by a qualified instructor. . In Australia these sessions are usually called ‘Mums and Bubs Swimming Lessons’. Dads if you are reading this, it should not discourage you from taking your baby to the swimming lesson (and give mum a break).

The main aim of these swimming lessons is to instill water confidence in the babies. The whole lesson is designed to be a lot of fun. Every class usually has around 8 adults in it. Lots of rhymes are sung…There are usually some water toys as well…

Lot of children can be quite happy in water but when it comes to putting their face under water, they get a bit scared…These lessons slowly introduce the idea of putting the face under water…If your child is very uncomfortable the most important thing is for you to be relaxed…Be patient and encouraging. In time the child will be fine. Babies are also introduced to the concept of blowing bubbles in water…I remember when I took my daughter to these classes, at the end of each class, the babies were made to sit on the side of the pool…We sang ‘Humpty Dumpty’ to them and then at the end of the rhyme we encouraged them to leap forward into our hands…Most of the babies quite enjoyed this little game.

It is important for parents to realize that the aim here is not to teach your babies to swim…The aim is to instill water confidence in them…Don’t expect too much from them. Don’t be upset if your child does not take to the water straight away…I am telling this from my own experience…I have seen kids who were uncomfortable in the first sessions but grew up to become excellent swimmers. Supervise them at all times. Hold them and don’t think they can swim just because they are attending these swim classes. These classes don’t remove the risk of drowning. So have fun but keep safety in mind at all times. If you for some reason don’t prefer these swimming classes, then you can take your child to a public pool. This will probably be a bit cheaper. You can make up your own routine and have fun with your baby in the toddler pool. Take some water toys and may be even a water noodle. Sing and make the whole process lot of fun.

Always remember that kids can drown in the shallow end as well…So supervise them at all times. And just to be on the safe side it is probably a good idea for all parents to learn CPR and rescue methods. Some public pools have a small picnic area as well. After the fun at the pool, you both can have a picnic too. And one more thing – make sure that the water is nice and warm. Babies normally get quite tired after a swimming lesson. So the good news is that they will probably take a long nap after the swimming lesson (hopefully).

Sandy Naidu runs a website called http://www.OzKidsActivities.com. This website is a comprehensive directory of kids activities and kids classes in Australia. There are also lots of entertainment and school holiday activities listed on the website. Visit Kids Activities for more information.

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  • ebbtcbinsmenu1 0 Baby Cameras Offer Our Babies More Protection And Parents Peace Of Mind

From the moment they’re born, we strive to witness their every move. Each smirk, crawl, step, giggle, and discovery is important. It’s almost like we’re living vicariously in a way through our newborn children. Every nuance they enjoy, we want to share with them. And more importantly, we want to make certain they can’t get hurt. It’s no mystery how fragile they are at such a young age. But how can we truly monitor they’re every move at all times? Hmm, well in this day and age, this is feasible. Contemporary baby cameras can help you keep an eye on your little one as much as you please. It’s amazing what technology offers.

Surely you’ve seen old-school baby monitors. The ones back in the day worked with an audio system. You could place a monitor in your child’s room or mount one on his/her crib, and proceed to monitor the child with a receiving device. It was a cool and helpful product to have at the time. Fortunately now days it’s gone a step further with the advanced baby cameras. Not only can you hear your little one, but you can see them as well. Now this is ideal.

Modern baby cameras are perfect for any household. You can mount them near the crib or in a specific room and keep an eye on your infant or toddler at all times. This is highly recommended now days. It’s even a synch to watch them as they sleep and take naps. Maybe there is a concern at some point, but you’ll catch it with the help of baby cameras.

Probably one of the largest reasons for the success of baby cameras concerns nannies and babysitters. Parents across the nation are taking full advantage of baby cameras and placing them around their homes so that they know what exactly goes on when they’re away. More than once, a sitter has abused a child of infant. However, this is not as common now due to baby cameras and monitoring systems. Parents can view the tapes or live feed while their child is being watched. This leaves little space for error. Personally I love the concept of the baby camera and nanny-cam. I could never leave my child in the care of a sitter without some sort of peace-of-mind. Luckily technology has given me this.

Ann Merier has written many articles on family health problems and useful house and garden Topics. More articles on Baby Care

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  • ebbtcbinsmenu1 0 Teaching Babies 101

Early childhood – particularly the period from five months’ gestation to five years of age – presents a unique window of opportunity for learning. As babies’ and small children’s brains are highly plastic (adaptable), teaching your child during this critical period can produce long-lasting benefits.

Before you design a teaching program for your baby and yourself, you need to know the basics about teaching babies. While methods may differ, early education experts agree on the following essential ingredients for happiness and success in teaching babies:

* Affection

* Nutrition

* Repetition

* Stimulation

Affection

Happy children learn things easily and quickly – and nothing makes a child happier than knowing he is loved unconditionally by his parents. Here’s what the experts have to say about the importance of giving affection…

“Loving interactions with children form the firm basis of all human growth.” – Susan Ludington-Hoe, professor of pediatric nursing and author of How To Have A Smarter Baby

“Love creates the mind.” – Makoto Shichida, professor of education and founder of the Shichida Education Institute, which provides right-brain training to infants and children

“Children have hidden wonderful potentials. What draws them out are the parents’ love and trust towards their children.” – Shimayo Shichida, managing director of the Shichida Education Institute

“Intellectual skills, like forming ideas, solving problems, thinking logically, using symbols, and developing grammar are all linked to a child’s emotional growth.” – Linda Acredolo and Susan Goodwyn, psychologists, child development experts and authors of Baby Minds and Baby Signs

Nutrition

From the time of conception, nutrition has an important role to play in brain development – as Lise Eliot, neurobiologist and author of What’s Going On In There? explains…

* Between four months prenatal and two years after birth, your baby’s brain is highly sensitive to the quantity and quality of nutrients he consumes.

* Malnourished children have smaller brains, fewer neurons and synapses, shorter dendrites and less myelin.

* Brain-building foods include protein, dairy products, fresh fruit and vegetables, and vitamin-fortified milk and grains.

* A deficiency in iron can cause anemia, with too few red blood cells carrying oxygen to the brain. Prolonged anemia at any time in infancy can stunt cognitive development.

* Of the 45 nutrients essential for body growth, 38 are essential for neurological development.

* Children reared on breast milk score up to eight points higher on IQ tests at the age of eight.

Repetition

“Again, again!” There’s a reason children drive us crazy with their requests to do or hear the same thing over and over: children learn best through repetition. Here’s what the experts have to say…

“You should repeat a stimulus until habituation occurs; then stop.” – Susan Ludington-Hoe

“A child masters an activity by repeating it; at the same time, she is programming and strengthening the neural pathways in her brain. Allow – and even encourage – your child to repeat activities if they involve new skills she is developing.” – Winifred Conkling

“Going over the story [in a book] more than once enables a child to learn new vocabulary items well enough to use them in answer to questions.” – Linda Acredolo and Susan Goodwyn

Stimulation

As parents, we have a critical part to play in helping our children realize their full intellectual potential. The time for action is in very early childhood, because babies and small children love to learn, and they learn effortlessly. Here’s what the experts have to say…

“The best time to tap into your baby’s innate abilities, the capacities that all children are born with, is when his brain cells are rapidly growing and making new connections.” – Makoto Shichida

“Never forget that when you are giving a child visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation with increased frequency, intensity and duration that you are actually physically growing his brain.” – Glenn Dorman

“Improve your child’s ability to learn by using more than one of the five senses. When we use different senses we create multiple encoding, which increases the number of sites where information is stored.” – Winifred Conkling

“There is, however, a limit to how much stimulation a young child should have. Too many toys, activities, and outings can create confusion and actually work to a child’s detriment, hampering his ability to focus. Children are usually pretty good at telling us when they are bored but not when they are over-stimulated. Their behavior is often the only sign.” – Lise Eliot

Now you know the basics, it’s time to design a personalized teaching program for your baby. From birth, be sure to speak, sing and play music to your baby as much as possible. To enhance communication and reduce frustration, you might consider teaching your baby sign language. Any time from four months of age (and preferably before one year old), you can start word and math flash cards. And don’t forget to make time for encouraging your baby’s physical development.

Madeleine is the Managing Editor @ BrillBaby.com


To learn more on how to teach your baby, visit our website and learn about baby intelligence, prenatal education or visit Maddy’s blog, who is currently teaching her own baby.

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  • ebbtcbinsmenu1 0 Busy Parents Guide to Smart Babies   Part 2

The first years of life lay the neurological foundation for intellectual growth into adolescence and adulthood. This time represents a unique window of opportunity for learning. From the moment of conception, the neurons (nerve cells) of the brain multiply faster than any other cells in a baby’s body. The rapid pace of brain development continues into early childhood: at birth, the brain weighs 25 percent of its adult weight; by age one, 50 percent; by age two, 75 percent; and by age three, 90 percent.

The brain has approximately 200 billion neurons. A long-held theory that no new neurons can be created in adulthood was recently overturned – although some scientists dispute the new findings. In any case, the prenatal period is when the vast majority of the brain’s neurons are created.

Each of the brain’s neurons is connected to roughly 5,000 others. In general, the more dendrites (branches between neurons) and synapses (connections between neurons) the brain has, the greater its processing power. More pathways mean information can travel in a number of ways, opening the door to faster and more complex thinking.

This is true in the adult, but not in the infant. Your baby’s brain actually has more neurons and synapses than yours – but only because it hasn’t passed an important developmental stage, known as pruning, in which the brain deletes unneeded neural connections in the interests of organization and efficiency.

What can I do during pregnancy?

Your baby’s sense of hearing finishes developing 20 weeks into pregnancy. So this is the time to begin providing auditory stimulation. At around 28 weeks, you and your partner should be able to feel your baby’s movements through Mom’s tummy. This is the time to begin tactile stimulation. You can also try visual stimulation starting from around 28 weeks.

Auditory Stimulation

*Use Baby Plus if you can afford it.

*Play relaxing music – classical, jazz, chill-out and songs designed for meditation or yoga are all suitable. Avoid hard rock and music with a lot of dissonant chords.

*Read, talk and sing to your baby as often as possible (Dad as well as Mom).

Tactile Stimulation

*Massage your baby through Mom’s belly.

*Respond to your baby’s kicks by pressing back gently.

Visual Stimulation

*Try shining a flashlight at your belly, once in a while, to see if it gets a reaction.

Optimize Your Mood

*Mom, try to be as calm and happy as possible. Your mood has a direct effect on the chemicals secreted into your bloodstream. Too much cortisol (the stress hormone) is bad for your baby’s developing nervous system.

*Plan some fun, relaxing couple time – a gentle hike or trip to the beach; a meal at your favorite restaurant or a hotel stay. If you can, go on a babymoon during the second trimester, when moms tend to have the most energy.

Optimize Your Diet

*Eat a healthy, balanced and varied diet.

*Don’t take over-the-counter or prescription drugs without your obstetrician’s approval.

*Don’t drink alcohol, or keep it to one small measure of wine or beer on very special occasions.

*Don’t smoke or take recreational drugs.

*Take folic acid (starting from one month before conception) and DHA supplements.

Madeleine is the Managing Editor @ Brillbaby.com

Got a question or concern? Email the Editor, who is currently teaching her own baby and blogging about it.

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